1 Maccabees 3: 1-37


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1 Maccabees 3: 1-37

Judas and His Early Victories.

1 Then his son Judas, who was called Maccabeus, took his place.

2 All his brothers and all who had joined his father supported him, and they gladly carried on Israel’s war.

3 He spread abroad the glory of his people, and put on his breastplate like a giant. He armed himself with weapons of war; he fought battles and protected the camp with his sword.

4 In his deeds he was like a lion, like a young lion roaring for prey.

5 He pursued the lawless, hunting them out, and those who troubled his people he destroyed by fire.

6 The lawless were cowed by fear of him, and all evildoers were dismayed. By his hand deliverance was happily achieved,

7 and he afflicted many kings. He gave joy to Jacob by his deeds, and his memory is blessed forever.

8 He went about the cities of Judah destroying the renegades there. He turned away wrath from Israel,

9 was renowned to the ends of the earth; and gathered together those who were perishing.

10 Then Apollonius gathered together the Gentiles, along with a large army from Samaria, to fight against Israel.

verse 10: Apollonius: the Mysian commander
mentioned in 1 Mc 1:292 Mc 5:24.

11 When Judas learned of it, he went out to meet him and struck and killed him. Many fell wounded, and the rest fled.

12 They took their spoils, and Judas took the sword of Apollonius and fought with it the rest of his life.

13 But Seron, commander of the Syrian army, heard that Judas had mustered an assembly of faithful men ready for war.

14 So he said, “I will make a name for myself and win honor in the kingdom. I will wage war against Judas and his followers, who have despised the king’s command.”

15 And again a large company of renegades advanced with him to help him take revenge on the Israelites.

16 When he reached the ascent of Beth-horon, Judas went out to meet him with a few men.

verse 16: Beth-horon: the famous pass
leading up from the coastal plain to the Judean hill country.
Here Joshua won an important battle (Jos 10:10–11),
and in A.D. 66 a Roman force under Cestius
was trapped and massacred.

Joshua 10: 10-11
(1599 Geneva Bible)
And the Lord discomfited them before Israel,
and slew them with a great slaughter at Gibeon,
and chased them along the way that goeth up to Beth Horon,
and smote them to Azekah, and to Makkedah.
11 And as they fled from before Israel,
and were in the going down to Beth Horon,
the Lord cast down great stones from heaven upon them,
until Azekah, and they died: they were more that died with the hailstones,
than they whom the children of Israel slew with the sword.

17 But when they saw the army coming against them, they said to Judas: “How can we, few as we are, fight such a strong host as this? Besides, we are weak since we have not eaten today.”

18 But Judas said: “Many are easily hemmed in by a few; in the sight of Heaven there is no difference between deliverance by many or by few;

19 for victory in war does not depend upon the size of the army, but on strength that comes from Heaven.

20 With great presumption and lawlessness they come against us to destroy us and our wives and children and to despoil us;

21 but we are fighting for our lives and our laws.

22 He will crush them before us; so do not fear them.”

verse 22: He: out of reverence for God,
the author of 1 Maccabees prefers to use the pronoun
and other expressions, such as “Heaven,”
instead of the divine name.

23 When he finished speaking, he rushed suddenly upon Seron and his army, who were crushed before him.

24 He pursued Seron down the descent of Beth-horon into the plain. About eight hundred of their men fell, and the rest fled to the land of the Philistines.

verse 24: About eight hundred: the figures given in this book
for strength of armies and number of casualties
are not always to be taken literally.
In accordance with biblical usage, they indicate
rather the importance of the battle
described or the greatness of the victory.

25 Then Judas and his brothers began to be feared, and dread fell upon the Gentiles about them.

26 His fame reached the king, and the Gentiles talked about the battles of Judas.

The King’s Strategy.

27 When King Antiochus heard these reports, he was filled with rage; so he ordered that all the forces of his kingdom be gathered, a very strong army.

28 He opened his treasury, gave his soldiers a year’s pay, and commanded them to be prepared for anything.

29 But then he saw that this exhausted the money in his treasury; moreover the tribute from the province was small because of the dissension and distress he had brought upon the land by abolishing the laws which had been in effect from of old.

30 He feared that, as had happened once or twice, he would not have enough for his expenses and for the gifts that he was accustomed to give with a lavish hand—more so than all previous kings.

31 Greatly perplexed, he decided to go to Persia and levy tribute on those provinces, and so raise a large sum of money.

32 He left Lysias, a noble of royal descent, in charge of the king’s affairs from the Euphrates River to the frontier of Egypt,

33 and commissioned him to take care of his son Antiochus until his return.

34 He entrusted to him half of his forces, and the elephants, and gave him instructions concerning everything he wanted done. As for the inhabitants of Judea and Jerusalem,

35 Lysias was to send an army against them to crush and destroy the power of Israel and the remnant of Jerusalem and efface their memory from the place.

36 He was to settle foreigners in all their territory and distribute their land by lot.

37 The king took the remaining half of the army and set out from Antioch, his capital, in the year one hundred and forty-seven; he crossed the Euphrates River and went through the provinces beyond.

verse 37: This expedition, in the spring of 165 B.C., resulted in failure

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