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1 Maccabees 9:1-31
1 When Demetrius heard that Nicanor and his army had fallen in battle, he again sent Bacchides and Alcimus into the land of Judah, along with the right wing of his army.
2 They took the road to Galilee, and camping opposite the ascent at Arbela, they captured it and killed many people.
verse 2: They took the road…Arbela,they captured it:
this passage is restored, in part, by conjectural emendation.
The present Greek text could be translated,
“They took the road to Gilgal, and camping opposite Mesaloth at Arbela,
they captured it.”
But Arbela (modern Khirbet Irbid) was in Galilee,
on a high hill overlooking the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
Gilgal, on the contrary, was in the Jordan valley near Jericho.
“Mesaloth” is probably a corrupt form of a Hebrew word meaning
“steps, ascent.” It is possible, however,
that all these terms referred to places in the Judean hills.
3 In the first month of the one hundred and fifty-second year, they encamped against Jerusalem.
verse 3: The first month of the one hundred and fifty-second year:
April/May 160 B.C., by the Temple calendar.
4 Then they set out for Berea with twenty thousand men and two thousand cavalry.
5 Judas, with three thousand picked men, had camped at Elasa.
6 When they saw the great number of the troops, they were very much afraid, and many slipped away from the camp, until only eight hundred of them remained.
7 When Judas saw that his army was melting away just as the battle was imminent, he was brokenhearted, because he had no time to gather them together.
8 In spite of his discouragement he said to those who remained: “Let us go forward to meet our enemies; perhaps we can put up a good fight against them.”
9 They tried to dissuade him, saying: “We certainly cannot. Let us save our own lives now, and come back with our kindred, and then fight against them. Now we are too few.”
10 But Judas said: “Far be it from me to do such a thing as to flee from them! If our time has come, let us die bravely for our kindred and not leave a stain upon our honor!”
11 Then the army of Bacchides moved out of camp and took its position for combat. The cavalry were divided into two squadrons, and the slingers and the archers came on ahead of the army, and in the front line were all the best warriors. Bacchides was on the right wing.
12 Flanked by the two squadrons, the phalanx attacked as they blew their trumpets. Those who were on Judas’ side also blew their trumpets.
13 The earth shook with the noise of the armies, and the battle raged from morning until evening.
14 When Judas saw that Bacchides was on the right, with the main force of his army, all the most stouthearted rallied to him,
15 and the right wing was crushed; Judas pursued them as far as the mountain slopes.
verse 15: As far as the mountain slopes: conjectural emendation.
The Greek text has “as far as Mount Azotus”;
this is most unlikely. Apparently the Greek translator
mistook the Hebrew word ashdot,
“slopes,” for ashdod, “Azotus.”
16 But when those on the left wing saw that the right wing was crushed, they closed in behind Judas and those with him.
17 The battle became intense, and many on both sides fell wounded.
18 Then Judas fell, and the rest fled.
19 Jonathan and Simon took their brother Judas and buried him in the tomb of their ancestors at Modein.
20 All Israel wept for him with great lamentation. They mourned for him many days, and they said,
21 “How the mighty one has fallen, the savior of Israel!”
22 The other acts of Judas, his battles, the brave deeds he performed, and his greatness have not been recorded; but they were very many.
LEADERSHIP OF JONATHAN
23 After the death of Judas, the lawless raised their heads in every part of Israel, and all kinds of evildoers appeared.
24 In those days there was a very great famine, and the country deserted to them.
25 Bacchides chose renegades and made them masters of the country.
26 These sought out and hunted down the friends of Judas and brought them to Bacchides, who punished and derided them.
27 There was great tribulation in Israel, the like of which had not been since the time prophets ceased to appear among them.
28 Then all the friends of Judas came together and said to Jonathan:
29 “Ever since your brother Judas died, there has been no one like him to lead us against our enemies, both Bacchides and those of our nation who are hostile to us.
30 Now therefore we have chosen you today to be our ruler and leader in his place, to fight our battle.”
31 From that moment Jonathan accepted the leadership, and took the place of Judas his brother.
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