1 Maccabees 15: 1-24


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1 Maccabees 15: 1-24

Letter of Antiochus VII.

1 Antiochus, son of King Demetrius, sent a letter from the islands of the sea to Simon, the priest and ethnarch of the Jews, and to all the nation,

verse 1: Antiochus: Antiochus VII Sidetes, son of Demetrius I,
and younger brother of Demetrius II
(now a prisoner of the Parthians).
At the age of twenty he set out
from the island of Rhodes to take his brother’s place
and drive out the usurper Trypho.

2 which read as follows:
“King Antiochus sends greetings to Simon, the high priest and ethnarch, and to the Jewish nation.

3 Whereas certain villains have gained control of the kingdom of our ancestors, I intend to reclaim it, that I may restore it to its former state. I have recruited a large number of mercenary troops and equipped warships.

4 I intend to make a landing in the country so that I may take revenge on those who have ruined our country and laid waste many cities in my kingdom.

5 “Now, therefore, I confirm to you all the tax exemptions that the kings before me granted you and whatever other privileges they conceded to you.

6 I authorize you to coin your own money, as legal tender in your country.

7 Jerusalem and its sanctuary shall be free. All the weapons you have prepared and all the strongholds you have built and now occupy shall remain in your possession.

8 All debts, present or future, due to the royal treasury shall be canceled for you, now and for all time.

9 When we establish our kingdom, we will greatly honor you and your nation and the temple, so that your glory will be manifest in all the earth.”

10 In the one hundred and seventy-fourth year Antiochus invaded the land of his ancestors, and all the troops rallied to him, so that few were left with Trypho.

verse 10: The one hundred and seventy-fourth year: 138 B.C.

11 Pursued by Antiochus, Trypho fled to Dor, by the sea,

verse 11: Dor, by the sea: a fortress on the Palestinian coast,
fifteen miles south of Carmel.

12 realizing what troubles had come upon him now that his soldiers had deserted him.

13 Antiochus encamped before Dor with a hundred and twenty thousand infantry and eight thousand cavalry.

14 While he surrounded the city, his ships closed from the sea, so that he pressed it hard by land and sea and let no one go in or out.

Roman Alliance Renewed.

15 Meanwhile, Numenius and his companions came from Rome with letters containing this message to various kings and countries:

16 “Lucius, Consul of the Romans, sends greetings to King Ptolemy.

verse 16: Lucius: perhaps Lucius Caecilius Metellus,
consul in 142 B.C., or Lucius Calpurnicus Piso,
consul in 140–139 B.C.
This document pertains to Simon’s first years as leader.

17 Ambassadors of the Jews, our friends and allies, have come to us to renew their earlier friendship and alliance. They had been sent by Simon the high priest and the Jewish people,

18 and they brought with them a gold shield of a thousand minas.

19 Therefore we have decided to write to various kings and countries, that they are not to venture to harm them, or wage war against them or their cities or their country, and are not to assist those who fight against them.

20 We have also decided to accept the shield from them.

21 If, then, any troublemakers from their country take refuge with you, hand them over to Simon the high priest, so that he may punish them according to their law.”

22 The consul sent identical letters to Kings Demetrius, Attalus, Ariarthes and Arsaces;

verse 22: Attalus: Attalus II of Pergamum, reigned 159–138 B.C. Ariarthes: Ariarthes V of Cappadocia, reigned 162–130 B.C.

23 to all the countries—Sampsames, the Spartans, Delos, Myndos, Sicyon, Caria, Samos, Pamphylia, Lycia, Halicarnassus, Rhodes, Phaselis, Cos, Side, Aradus, Gortyna, Cnidus, Cyprus, and Cyrene.

24 A copy of the letter was also sent to Simon the high priest.

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